A yayin da Najeriya ke fuskantar hauhawar farashin kayayyakin masarufi da karin kudaden kula da lafiya, an kiyasta cewa kasar ta rasa dala biliyan 4.5 saboda cututtukan da aka dauka a asibitoci (HAIs) sakamakon rashin ingantattun matakan rigakafin cututtuka a asibitoci, wanda ke janyo tsawaita lokacin jinya, asarar aikin yi, da karin kudaden likita.
Cibiyar WaterAid ta kiyasta cewa dala biliyan 4.5 aka kashe a shekara ta 2023 kan HAIs, inda ta gargadi cewa asibitoci da ba su da isasshen ruwa, tsafta, da hidimomin lafiyar muhalli (WASH) suna barazana ga lafiyar marasa lafiya da ma’aikatan lafiya, musamman daga cututtukan kamar sepsis da pneumonia.
Cibiyar ta lura cewa a duniya, daya daga cikin kowanne asibiti guda biyar ba su da sabis na ruwa, yayin da miliyan 3.85 na mutane ke karbar kulawa a asibitoci ba tare da samun tsafta ba.
Haka kuma, bayanai daga The Guardian sun nuna cewa tsakanin watan Satumba 2023 da Mayu 2024, fiye da miliyan 4.5 na ‘yan Najeriya sun amfana da sabis na marasa lafiya, yayin da aka samu karin daukan marasa lafiya miliyan 1.6 a asibitoci na kwararru guda 33 a fadin kasar.
Cutar da ake kira “Healthcare-Associated Infections” ko HAIs, wadda aka fi sani da cututtukan da aka dauka a asibiti, na faruwa ne yayin da marasa lafiya ke samun kulawa a asibiti ko dakin jinya ba tare da sun zo da cutar ba lokacin da aka shigo da su. Masana sun ce, HAIs na tsawaita lokacin jinya, kara yawan rashin jituwa da magunguna, kara hadarin mutuwa, da kuma kawo nauyi na kudi mai tsanani ga marasa lafiya da iyalansu.
A Najeriya, an samu rikodin cases na HAIs guda 848,000 a shekara ta 2022, wanda ya janyo mutuwar mutane 93,600. Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta kiyasta cewa kashi 15 cikin dari na marasa lafiya a asibiti na fuskantar irin wannan cuta, ciki har da cututtukan hanyar fitsari, jini, huhu, na hanji, da kuma wadanda suka shafi aikin tiyata.
Masana sun danganta yawan HAIs da rashin tsafta, rauni a cikin shirye-shiryen IPC, yawan cunkoso, da rashin ilimi daga bangaren ma’aikatan lafiya da marasa lafiya. Sun bayyana cewa, bin ka’idojin rigakafin cututtuka da kyau, kara yawan ma’aikata, da kuma gina tsarin kulawa mai inganci na da muhimmanci wajen kawar da wannan matsala.
Prof. Oyewale Tomori, virologist kuma shugaban Cibiyar Kimiyyar Kimiyyar Kasa ta Yammacin Afirka, ya ce marasa lafiya a asibitoci a kasashen Yamma da Gabashin Afirka suna fuskantar barazana mai girma daga HAIs sakamakon rashin ingantaccen aiki na likitoci, karancin ma’aikata, da rashin kayan aiki.
“Mun dauki babban farashi wajen rashin bin ka’idojin rigakafin cututtuka, musamman wajen amfani da allura da tsari na tiyata ba tare da yin matakan kariya na likita ba,” in ji shi.
Tomori ya tuna da wasu daga cikin sanannun cututtukan da aka dauka a asibiti a Najeriya kamar wadanda suka faru a shekarun 1969–1970 a Jos na cutar Lassa, da kuma rahoton mujallar British Medical Journal a shekarar 1995 game da cutar Lassa da aka dauka a asibiti, wanda ya bayyana cututtukan da suka afkawa ma’aikatan asibiti guda 34 da marasa lafiya. Ya yi gargaɗi cewa yawancin irin wadannan al’amura na yau ba a bayar da rahoton su ba.
Ya yi kira ga gwamnati da shugabannin asibitoci su baiwa horon ma’aikata muhimmanci da kuma tabbatar da bin ka’idojin IPC, yana gargadi cewa cigaba da watsawar hankali zai haifar da “matsaloli masu zurfi, tsada, da illa mai tsanani.”
Dr. Oladipo Kolawole, kwararren likitan cututtuka a Jami’ar Adeleke, ya ce cututtukan na iya yaduwa ta hanyar kayan aiki da aka gurbata, saman kayan aiki, ko ayyukan tiyata, yayin da rashin tsaftar hannu da rashin amfani da magunguna yadda ya kamata ke kara matsalar.
“Don dakile HAIs, ma’aikatan lafiya dole ne su kula da tsaftar hannun su, su yi amfani da kayan kariya na mutum (PPE), su tsarkake kayan aiki, su kuma tabbatar da tsabtace shara,” in ji shi, yana mai cewa, ilimantar da ma’aikata da amfani da magungunan da suka dace yana da matukar muhimmanci wajen rage yawan haɗarin kamuwa da cuta.
Prof. Femi Dokun-Babalola, tsohon shugaban Kungiyar Likitocin Asibitoci (GMD), ya ce asibitoci wuraren da suke dauke da haɗari ne saboda yawan marasa lafiya da ake dasu a ciki da kuma ayyukan tiyata da, idan aka gudanar da su ba tare da kulawa ba, zasu iya kawo pathogens.
“Rashin tsaftar hannu, rashin tsarkake kayan aiki, da kuma amfani da magunguna fiye da kima sun kara yaduwar kwayoyin cuta da suke jurewa magunguna, wanda ke kawo matsaloli a cikin magani da rage amincewar jama’a da asibitoci,” in ji shi. “Wuraren da ke dauke da ma’aikata kadan da kuma rashin bin ka’idojin WHO yana jawo matsaloli a cikin rigakafin cututtuka.”
Haka kuma, Dr. Chukwuma Anyaike, tsohon Daraktan Lafiyar Jama’a a Ma’aikatar Lafiya ta Tarayya, ya bayyana cewa rigakafin cututtuka da kula da lafiyar jama’a na da muhimmanci wajen gina tsarin kiwon lafiya mai ƙarfi.
“Babu marasa lafiya da ya kamata ya kamu da cuta yayin da yake karbar kula, kuma babu ma’aikatan lafiya da ya kamata ya kamu da cuta yayin da yake bayar da kulawa,” in ji shi. “IPC na ba da magani mai kyau wanda zai iya rigakafi, kiyaye rayuka, da kuma kare ingancin tsarin kiwon lafiya.”
