Daga Hussaini Garba Mohammed
A bisa tanadin ka’idar “common but differentiated responsibility and respective capabilities” da aka kafa a taron yarjejeniyar Paris, ƙasashen da suka ci gaba ne ke da alhakin samar da tallafin kuɗi don taimakawa ƙasashen da ke tasowa wajen aiwatar da manufofin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Sauyin Yanayi (UNFCCC). Yarjejeniyar Paris ta sake tabbatar da wannan alhaki ga ƙasashen da suka ci gaba, tare da ƙarfafa wasu ƙasashe su bayar da gudunmawar son rai.
Ƙasashen da suka ci gaba suna da rawar jagoranci wajen tara kuɗaɗen sauyin yanayi daga hanyoyi da dama, ciki har da tallafin jama’a, don taimakawa manufofin ƙasashen da ke tasowa bisa bukatunsu da fifitattun wuraren da suke fuskantar barazana.
Menene “Climate Finance”?
“Climate finance” na nufin kudi da ake amfani da su wajen tallafawa ayyukan rage illa da daidaitawa da tasirin sauyin yanayi — daga matakin ƙasa, na jihohi har zuwa ƙasashen duniya. Wannan kudi na fitowa daga gwamnati, masu zaman kansu, da sauran hanyoyin daban-daban na kuɗi.
Manufar ita ce tallafawa ƙasashe masu rauni wajen rage hayakin da ke haddasa dumamar yanayi da kuma daidaitawa da mummunan tasirin sauyin yanayi.
Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kafa tsarin tallafin sauyin yanayi wanda ke baiwa ƙasashen da suka ci gaba damar bayar da tallafi ga ƙasashen da ke tasowa. Tun da farko an yi alƙawarin tara dala biliyan 100 duk shekara kafin 2020, sannan sabon burin da aka amince da shi a COP29 na nufin haɓaka wannan zuwa dala biliyan 300 duk shekara kafin 2035.
Sai dai duk da haka, kuɗin da ake samu yanzu bai isa ba. Masana sun ce ana bukatar sama da dala tiriliyan 4.35 a duk shekara kafin 2030 don cimma burin rage dumamar yanayi da taimakawa al’ummomi masu rauni.
Dalilin da ya sa “Climate Finance” ke da Muhimmanci
Yana ba da tallafi ga ƙasashe masu rauni wajen daidaitawa da illolin sauyin yanayi.
Yana ƙarfafa ƙasashen da ke tasowa su ɗauki matakan kare muhalli bisa yarjejeniyar Paris.
Yana gina juriya da tsare-tsare don rage illa daga ambaliyar ruwa, fari, da sauran matsaloli.
Kalubalen da ke Tare da Kudaden Sauyin Yanayi
Rashin isa: Kuɗin da ake samu bai kai bukatar duniya ba. Ana bukatar fiye da dala tiriliyan 4.35 duk shekara kafin 2030.
Rarrabawa ba daidai ba: Ƙasashe masu tasowa suna samun kaso ƙalilan daga cikin waɗannan kuɗaɗe, yayin da mafi yawansu ke zuwa ƙasashe masu arziki.
Sabbin Cigaba
Ana tattauna sabuwar manufa (NCQG) wadda za ta ninka yawan kuɗaɗen da ake samarwa daga ƙasashen da suka ci gaba zuwa waɗanda ke tasowa.
Ana ƙara mai da hankali kan ingancin kuɗin, wato ya zama mai gaskiya, sauƙin samu, da kuma tasiri.
Najeriyar da ke da Arziki Amma Ke Da Ƙalubalen Kuɗi
Najeriya tana da yalwar albarkatu na mutane da na halitta, amma tana fama da ƙarancin kuɗaɗen kare su daga barazanar dumamar yanayi.
Rahoton “State of Climate Finance in Nigeria” da kungiyoyin Connected Development (CODE), OXFAM, da INKA Consult suka fitar, ya bayyana wannan matsala a sarari. Rahoton ya nuna cewa Najeriya na da manyan manufofi, amma tsarin kuɗinta ya raunana — saboda rashin daidaito a manufofi, ƙarancin kwarewa a matakin jihohi, da kuma rashin cikakkiyar gaskiya wajen kashe kuɗaɗe.
A cewar rahoton, kashi 19% na kudaden sauyin yanayi a Najeriya na fitowa ne daga cikin gida, yayin da kashi 76% ke fitowa daga ƙasashen waje. Wannan ya nuna dogaro sosai da agajin ƙasashen duniya, abin da ba zai dore ba ga ƙasa da ke fama da ambaliyar ruwa, fari, da sauyin yanayi mara tabbas.
Tsarin kula da kashe kuɗin sauyin yanayi da ma’aikatar muhalli ta ƙaddamar tun 2017 (CPEIR) bai samu aiwatarwa yadda ya kamata ba. Wannan ya sa har yanzu ba a san yadda ake ware kuɗin da ake kashewa ba, kuma hakan yana iya buɗe kofa ga rashin gaskiya.
Misalin Jihar Lagos
Lagos ta kafa sabon misali ta hanyar Climate Adaptation and Resilience Plan, wanda ke nuna yadda jihohi za su iya ɗaukar mataki idan akwai kishin gaskiya. Amma har yanzu, jihohi bakwai ne kawai suka fito da tsare-tsaren su na sauyin yanayi, kuma yawancin ƙananan hukumomi ba su da kwarewar da ake buƙata ko damar samun tallafi.
Rawar Kungiyoyin Farar Hula
Rahoton ya yaba da gudunmawar kungiyoyin farar hula kamar CODE ta hanyar shirin Follow The Money da NOMTrac, waɗanda ke taimakawa jama’a wajen sa ido kan yadda ake kashe kuɗaɗen gwamnati.
Haka kuma, ƙungiyoyi kamar CSDevNet da ActionAid Nigeria suna ƙarfafa jama’a su mallaki tsare-tsaren kare muhalli.
Sai dai rahoton ya nuna cewa gudunmawar waɗannan ƙungiyoyi ba ta daɗe ba, saboda ƙarancin tallafi da jinkirin aiwatar da Dokar Sauyin Yanayi ta 2021, wadda ta tanadi shigar da jama’a cikin tsarin yanke shawara.
Sashen Masu Zaman Kansu
Rahoton ya bayyana sashen kasuwanci a matsayin “babban barci” cikin tsarin kuɗaɗen sauyin yanayi. Duk da haka, sabbin tsare-tsare kamar FMDQ Green Exchange da Sustainability Disclosure Guidelines na Nigerian Exchange Group sun fara jawo hannun jari cikin hasken rana, noma mai dorewa, da sufuri mai tsafta.
An kuma fitar da Green Bonds da suka tara fiye da dala miliyan 165 zuwa yanzu. Amma wannan bai isa ba, saboda Najeriya na buƙatar kuɗin da ya kai kashi 4% na GDP don cimma burinta na rage hayaki zuwa sifili nan da 2060.
Bukatar Sauya Hanyar Tafiyar da Kudi
Rahoton ya jaddada cewa an buƙaci kafa National Climate Finance Hub, wato cibiyar kasa da za ta kula da haɗin kai, rarraba bayanai da gaskiya wajen aiwatar da kuɗaɗen sauyin yanayi.
Haka kuma, ya nemi ƙara wayar da kan jama’a domin fahimtar yadda ake amfani da waɗannan kuɗaɗe, ta yadda manoma, ma’aikata da masu sana’a za su fahimci rawar su a cikin wannan tsarin.
Kiran Aiki
Rahoton ya kammala da kira mai ƙarfi ga gwamnati da ‘yan jarida su ɗauki rahoton kuɗin sauyin yanayi da muhimmanci. A cewarsa, rahoto mai gaskiya da wayar da kan jama’a kan taimaka wajen tsara manufofi masu tasiri da ceto rayuka.
Sauyin yanayi ba batun alkaluma ba ne kawai — batun adalci ne, da daidaito, da tsira. Don haka, Najeriya dole ta ɗauki “climate finance” a matsayin zuba jari ga tsaro da ci gaban tattalin arziki, ba nauyi ba.
Don samun nasara, Najeriya dole ta haɗa buri da gaskiya — ta tabbatar da cewa duk kowace naira da aka ware don sauyin yanayi ta kai inda ake bukata: wajen kare rayuka, sana’o’i da ƙasa.
Hussaini Garba Mohammed
📞 +2348037042548
Can be reached via
hussainigm@gmail.com
